Good and Bad Angels in the Bible

Our Holy Bible states that the whole world lies within the power of Satan. But we have the choice to accept or reject his influence, and as Christians we voluntarily isolate ourselves from the devil’s influence and live by the teachings of Jesus (see, 1 John 5:19-20). My point is that no matter what someone believes, all people — young, old, male, female, religious, atheists, or whatever — are now living in one of two kingdoms. All humanity lives either in God’s kingdom of light, or Satan’s kingdom of darkness.

Even if someone is a so-called “good” person, they are still living in the devil’s dark kingdom, if they don’t live a Christian-like life.1 But Christian or not, there seems to be an angel of some type that will interact and influence you sometime during your lifetime.

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The scriptures speak of three heavens. The first heaven is earth’s atmosphere and the second heaven is where the stars are, and the third heaven is where God dwells (see 2 Corinthians 12:2). Mortal man has been mostly locked into a life within earth’s atmosphere for about six thousand years, and only very recently has ventured into the second heaven. The third heaven seems to be currently secreted away from humankind.

Is that third heaven beyond the stars? Is it physical or spiritual, or maybe both? Could it be in a different dimension? The Bible doesn’t give us precise answers to those questions, but because of advances in science, we now know there is evidence of other dimensions, and an organization called CERN has been making contact with these realms to better understand them.

Public Domain – CERN

CERN is the European Organization for Nuclear Research and is one of the world’s largest and most respected centers for scientific investigation. Its objective is the study of fundamental physics and to find out what the universe is made of and how it works.2 They are now researching new ways to manipulate reality, including gravity and space-time. For a treatise I wrote about this research organization, see the article “What is the God Particle & What is CERN?” listed in References & Notes.3

If you are wondering why CERN is being referenced in this article about angels, it is because CERN is a place where science, religion, and the supernatural collide. When you dig deep into this very high technology project, you will find serious references to angels and demons and Satanic forces. I highly suggest viewing a video that addresses these concerns from a Christian perspective; it is listed in References & Notes.4

For many Christians, an “angel” is a catchall word for all spirit beings, including the spirits of dead people — their ghosts, or their souls — but that is not biblically true. Scripture really says humans were created “lower than the heavenly beings” (Psalm 8:5; also, see Hebrews 2:5). So biblically, angels are otherworldly creatures, and whether physical or spiritual, their normal abode is a heavenly realm or dimension that is not accessible to us. They are more powerful, smarter, and have more abilities than us humans do.5 Angels do not live within us and then go off to live in heaven when they shed our dead bodies.

But, some can freely move between their own realm and earth and take the full form and function of a human. We may not even be aware of them, for the scripture says, “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing that some have entertained angels without knowing it,” (Hebrews 13:2, NRSV).6 And they were created to have individual personalities like us and — just as in our own human governments and organizations — there is also a hierarchy in heaven for its angels, indicating differing levels, ranks, jobs, and positions.7

Most spirit or supernatural angels can live and travel in the first two material heavens, and also have the ability to visit the third heaven of God’s domain as well.8 But are all angels only of a spiritual nature? Not all biblical scholars are in agreement about this.

Some researchers believe even God’s Divine Council may be populated by some helpers and messengers that have physical bodies, with either humanoid or other creature appearances. These physical assistants possibly use technology to appear invisible and do humanly impossible feats, as well as manipulate time and space to carry out their duties. For more information addressing this Godly administrative body, see the article titled “What is God’s Divine Council?” listed in References & Notes.9

While many world religions believe in the existence of angels, belief is most prevalent in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam where these creatures interact with their Creator. And scripture indicates that while most angels are faithful to God, there are others that have rebelled against him and live in harmony with Satan’s evil agenda.10

So, keep in mind that the literal meaning of the word ‘angel’ points more toward their function or status rather than to their essence or nature. In other words, their significance is primarily in what they do, rather than what they are. A popular dictionary states that an angel is a being that serves as a divine messenger or courier. They can sometimes act as a protector (i.e., guarding someone or something), or as a harbinger (i.e., foreshadowing a future event). Most are benevolent and righteous, but some are evil and malevolent (i.e., rebellious or fallen from grace).11

 

Angelology

The study of angels is called angelology, which is the section of systematic theology that focuses on the understanding of these creatures, including their ranks, roles, and participation in God’s divine plan. Exploring such knowledge of the third heaven realm can strengthen our relationship with the Creator.12

The first complete theory of an angelic society was Celestial Hierarchy13 by Dionysius the Areopagite, published about 600 AD. Most references name the angels among ten different types, but some accounts vary. St. Jerome lists seven, while “Constitutions of the Apostles” in the Catholic Clementine Liturgy lists eleven.14 Some occult books list more, an example being The Magus by Francis Barrett (1801) which records twelve.15

Five of the most well-known types of angels and their duties, listed by later academics, are below. Many references categorize malevolent angels under the broad title of ‘Fallen Angels’, but for a better understanding, I feel that fallen angel types should be pigeonholed by their specific evil traits, so I’ve individually added them to this list, thereby listing a total of seven types.

Seraphim (singular = Seraph) means fiery or burning ones, possibly because of their fiery passion to constantly praise and worship God.16 These heavenly beings were associated with Isaiah’s vision of God in the Temple when he was called to his ministry (Isaiah 6:1-7). They had six wings: two to fly, two to cover their faces, two to cover their feet.17

Some scholars speculate that the covered “feet” should actually be identified as the creature’s penis and testicles, since the word ‘feet’ is often used in the Hebrew Bible as a euphemism for the genitals.18 These angels flew about the throne, on which God was seated, singing praises and calling special attention to God’s glory and majesty.19

Cherubim (or cherubs; singular = cherub) are creatures that guard consecrated places. The cherubim are the creatures that sometimes appear in the art world as cute children or chubby babies with wings. Although thought by many as angels, some scholars say they are not really angels, as they are never called by that term in the Bible.20

While artists may portray Cherubs as chubby winged babies, biblically they are shown as fiercely strong and exotic creatures.21 And they are very important, as noted by being depicted on the lid of the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:18-21). Ezekiel mentions that they have multiple faces, hands, and wings (Ezekiel 1:5-7).22 But most Jews and Christians remember the Cherubim as guarding the garden in Eden (Genesis 3:24), although the number of the cherubim appointed for that duty is not mentioned, each one held a flaming sword.23 I should note that some people believe the flaming sword was like some sort of exotic high energy laser weapon — a Star Wars type of ‘lightsaber’ comes to mind.

Archangels are the highest ranking or chief angels of the Bible. The term ‘archangel’ is a derivative of the Greek word archangelos.24 They carry out divine missions and deliver specific communications, but also perform policing duties and act as leaders of God’s army.

Only one archangel is directly named in the Bible and his name in Michael. In Jude’s letter the archangel Michael is depicted as arguing with Satan over the body of Moses (Jude 9). In Daniel, he is described as “one of the chief princes” (see Daniel 10:13), which implies there are others.25 From tradition, some Judeo-Christian authors also list six others: Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Raguel, Remiel, Sariel.26

Guardian Angels offer support, protection, and guidance, to individuals. But various religious groups argue about whether everyone has a guardian angel, or if only some people have one assigned to them for special reasons. In the Jewish Cabala,27 there are four ruling princes and under their authority are seventy guardian angels of nations, and unknown others for ministering to individuals. This was the doctrine of Basil of Caesarea (330-379 AD), Gregory the Great (540-604 AD), and other theologians of the early Church.28 For more information about Guardian Angels, see “Does Everyone Have a Guardian Angel?” which is listed in References & Notes.29

Regular or Common Angels are the most familiar and numerous types. They are sent as messengers or to otherwise support humanity. They may also act as warriors under the direction of God and/or archangels. A few intellectuals suggest the individual members may be a mixture of otherworldly humanoid or other types of physical entities, as well as those purely spiritual in nature. If this is true it would also apply to archangels, guardian angels, and fallen angels.

Fallen Angels are the large number of regular angels who have been exiled or banished from God’s organization. Satan is the most popular entity of this group. Satan, in the Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, Islam), is the prince of evil and an adversary of God. He is traditionally understood as the one who rebelled against the Supreme Ruler of the Universe and was cast out with other ‘fallen’ angels, who are under his command. He and his followers roam the earth testing humans to try to gain their control.30

There is continued debate by a few scholars as to whether Satan was originally an archangel and/or if he was tasked with his evil position by God. Some say that Satan’s job is to identify those humans that are spiritually weak and would be detrimental to the establishment of a perfect world. If that is true, then I guess humanity is presently being schooled; those that pass the test will advance forward, but those that fail will be held back or expelled or eliminated.

Satan is a Hebrew Old Testament name and is interchangeable with the Greek New Testament ‘diabolos’ or Devil. Also called the Serpent in the garden of Eden (see Genesis 3), he has been given temporary power over our fallen world and controls a host of demons, besides the great number of fallen regular angels. Although not called Satan in the fall of Adam and Eve, he is named as such in the Book of Revelation. “The great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world — he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him,” (Revelation 12:9).31

Some of the fallen angels had belonged to a subgroup called the ‘Watchers’,32 whose job was to observe and report to God upon humanity’s progress. However they ended up rebelling and renounced their dedicated duty. Their rebellion included teaching forbidden knowledge and mating with the human women, thereby producing hybrid creatures known as the Nephilim. These were giants and other strange creatures (see Genesis 6). This caused chaos on Earth which eventually led to a cleansing of the world by the flood of Noah’s day.

Nephilim are the half-human and half-angel hybrids produced by some two hundred fallen angels before the flood of Noah’s day. These half-breeds were powerful giants and other strange hybrid creatures. The implication is that even animal life was corrupted and may indicate why the Great Flood wiped-out animals along with the humans. The Book of 1 Enoch33 and the Book of Jubilees34 goes into much greater detail about these creatures.

This information is extremely important to you and me and all the people of earth, because Jesus said: “For as the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day Noah entered the ark, and they knew nothing until the flood came and swept them all away, so too will be the coming of the Son of Man,” (Matthew 24:37-39).

It is not that God will end this current age with another flood, as he did in the last reboot, but that genetic manipulation will be rampant and no one will care. People will just go on sinning and living under Satan’s control until the very last minute when Jesus returns to bring everything to an end once again. Then unrighteousness will be eliminated, but the faithful followers of Christ will be protected and given a chance to reestablish life upon this planet — and it will happen sooner than you think. I believe we are living in the last days of this age.

In the Book of Genesis, the Bible implies that the Nephilim were present before the flood in Noah’s time, but it also states there were some present after that event too. “The Nephilim were on the earth in those days — and also afterward,” (Genesis 6:4a).

This is verified in the Book of Numbers when scouts brought back a report that they feared entering the ‘promised land’. They said, “The land we passed through to explore is one that devours its inhabitants, and all the people we saw in it are men of great size. We even saw the Nephilim there — the descendants of Anak come from the Nephilim! To ourselves we seemed like grasshoppers, and we must have seemed the same to them,” (Numbers 13:32-33, CSB).35

Creative Commons – para.wiki

How long were these half-breed creatures on earth? Well, they are mentioned several places in the Bible and one verse even says they had descendants (2 Samuel 21:18), which indicates they were breeding.

I’ve been asked many times if any of these creatures could still be living upon or within the earth. There is a rumor (or leaked military information) of a more modern discovery. The rumor concerns a 2002 incident, when a United States military patrol came upon a cave in Afghanistan and encountered and killed a red-haired twelve-foot giant with six fingers and six toes. Supposedly, the body of this unique male creature — now known as the Kandahar Giant — was quickly evacuated to the United States and those witnessing the event have been forbidden to speak about it. As would be expected, the Department of Defense denies any such incident, but area Afghan residents have told stories of cannibalistic giants living in nearby caves.36

Creative Commons – wikipedia.org

And there are many other people that believe ancestors of the Nephilim still can be found today. A Sasquatch (or Bigfoot) investigator and writer, Scott Carpenter (1964-2023), had an interesting theory. Besides investigating the Sasquatch creature, he authored several books on cryptozoology that are still available. His theory was that the Bigfoot creatures are descendants of biblical Nephilim. He also produced a YouTube video about his thoughts on the subject, while taking one of his many walks through a forest. That video is listed in References & Notes for anyone interested in a Christian’s opinion of the creature.37

For more about the Nephilim, please see the article titled “When the sons of God were having sexual relations with the daughters of humankind — the story of the Nephilim” which is listed in References & Notes.38

Demons are malicious supernatural entities. Although many Christians (pastors and church members) do not believe in these creatures and think they are mythical beings mentioned mostly in folklore, they are really authentic evil entities that can affect our lives, so it is wise to be aware of them. A close study of scripture and investigation of various biblical sources indicates what they are and where they come from.

First of all, they are generally believed to be invisible. “The Bible provides no detailed physical description beyond their supernatural, nonphysical entity status. These spirit beings appear to lack natural physical bodies and are not constrained by material form. Although the text describes encounters where entities are visible, this could imply symbolic language for their presence rather than assigning concrete physical features.”39 Or they were depicted while living within a host body.

Demons were indirectly produced from the hybrid Nephilim, created by angels breeding with humans. The Nephilim had physical fleshly bodies that were subject to death, like all humans, but they also had a hybrid angelic invisible spirit which did not die. Over time, after the fleshly portion of the entity died, the living but disembodied spirit portion — called a demon — continued to live-on, even until today. Demons were created on earth and on earth they must stay.

According to the Holy Bible, these creatures are sometimes called unclean or evil spirits and they have great power that is useful to Satan in this modern world. One researcher wrote that these demons seem rather uncomfortable being outside of fleshly bodies, so they possess other living bodies in order to be content.40

The ability that these unclean spirits have is to possess a human (male or female) — or even an animal body — as a sort of temporary home; that is an extraordinary power which is useful in fulfilling Satan’s agenda. They are able to overpower the owners free-will and take control of their life. This information alone, is good reason not to experiment with Ouija boards, as you would be inviting demons to enter your body.

The Bible gives several examples of demons being excised or expunged from their possessed bodies. One short story well worth reading is of Jesus removing such demons from a human man (see Matthew 8:28-9:1; Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39). Also see the article “Demons, Jesus, and the Pigs” listed in References & Notes at the end of this discourse.41

 

Conclusion

There has been a universal war between good and evil even since before the sinful fall of humankind in the garden of Eden. But we are given sound biblical advice and instruction to help us stay on the righteous side — in God’s kingdom of light. The basic thing to remember is that even in the angelic realm, there are righteous and unrighteous players. And Paul the Apostle tells us how to handle ourselves if we are caught up in the spiritual war increasing on this planet, by taking the following advice.

Creative Commons – thelivingmessage.org

“Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For our struggle is not against enemies of blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places. Therefore take up the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to withstand on that evil day, and having done everything, to stand firm.”

“Stand therefore, and fasten the belt of truth around your waist, and put on the breastplate of righteousness. As shoes for your feet put on whatever will make you ready to proclaim the gospel of peace. With all of these, take the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God,” (Ephesians 6:11-17).

The apostle enlisted his readers under the right leader (Jesus) to fight the right war (against evil) with the right equipment (armor of God). Paul then tells them what the correct maneuvers should be. “They are to pray at all times under the direction of the Spirit (who knows what to pray for), and they are to keep themselves diligently alert in prayer and petition on behalf of other believers in the common struggle,” (see Ephesians 6:19).42

My sermon was prepared with love for your information, so you can better understand the truth of God’s divine plan working in the background during these end days. But remember that just being a ‘good’ person won’t get you eternal life in the promised kingdom of Jesus Christ. But if you don’t believe everything that I have written here, that is okay. Just remember the following.

If we want to guarantee making it into Christ’s new kingdom, we must not only believe Jesus is our savior and that he sacrificed his life for our sins, but also have the faith that he will do exactly what he promised. We must admit we have been a sinner and repent and ask for forgiveness. At the same time we must strive to emulate what the Messiah taught. Then our salvation is secured.

After knowing our salvation is assured, our first priority is to instruct our family, and then we can help others around us. If our personality is that of an introvert, or we are socially shy, we can still serve God in ways more comfortable than through direct discussion with strangers. At the very least, we can set an example to others by outwardly demonstrating our moral Christian character and living by Godly ethics — let us help others by shining our light, showing our love.

The end of this age is at hand; we are living in the very last few years of this time of grace. Jesus is coming and there are many that will be left behind. Please don’t be one of them.

Copyright © 2025, Ray Hermann
OutlawBibleStudent.org

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Reference & Notes

  1. Storms, Sam, Spiritual Warfare, (Oklahoma City, OK: S. Storms, 2006).
  2. “CERN”, (European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland), https://home.cern/
  3. Hermann, Ray, “What is the God Particle & What is CERN and the LHC?” (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 13 July 2022), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/what-is-the-god-particle-what-is-cern-and-the-lhc/
  4. Horn, Thomas, “CERN: Where Science and the Supernatural Collide”, (End Times Productions, 2024), VIDEO, https://youtu.be/gaUfJ8QgS78
  5. Hermann, Ray, “Angels—What are They?” (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 25 July 2019), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/angels-what-are-they/
  6. Unless otherwise indicated, scripture quotes are from The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version, (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989). Used with permission.
  7. Hermann, Ray, “Angels—What are They?” (see above).
  8. Larkin, Clarence, The Spirit World, (Philadelphia, PA: Clarence Larkin, 1921), pp. 108-110.
  9. Hermann, Ray, “What is God’s Divine Council?” (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 20 March 2023), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/what-is-gods-divine-council/
  10. Hopler, Whitney, “Angels According to Multiple Religions”, (Learn Religions, Dotdash Meredith Publishing, 2 September 2018), https://www.learnreligions.com/who-are-angels-123812
  11. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003).
  12. Dona, Chandra, “9 Types of Angels and Their Duties”, (History Facts, HistoryFacts.org, 15 July 2023), https://historyfacts.org/9-types-of-angels-and-their-duties/
  13. The Celestial Hierarchy translation is available online. See https://www.ccel.org/ccel/d/dionysius/celestial/cache/celestial.pdf
  14. Davidson, Gustav, A Dictionary of Angels, including the Fallen Angels, (New York: The Free Press, division of Macmillan, Inc., 1967), pp. 336-337.
  15. “The Magus (Barrett book)”, (Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 December 2024), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magus_(Barrett_book)
  16. Van Der Toorn, Karel, et al. (Eds.) , Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999), p. 746.
  17. Youngblood, R. F., Bruce, F. F., and Harrison, R. K., Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary, (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995).
  18. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca., God: An Anatomy, (New York: Alfred A. Knoph, 2022), p. 103.
  19. Youngblood, R. F., et al., Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary, (see above).
  20. Heiser, Michael, Supernatural: What the Bible Teaches about the Unseen World — and Why it Matters, (Bellingham WA: Lexham Press, 2015), p. 18.
  21. Hopler, Whitney, “The Differences Between Cherubs, Cupids, and Other Angels in Art”, (Learn Religions, 17 April 2018), https://www.learnreligions.com/cherubs-and-cupids-angels-of-love-124005
  22. “Christian angelology,” (Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 30 June 2019), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_angelology
  23. Ryle, H. E., “CHERUBIM,” in A Dictionary of the Bible: Dealing with Its Language, Literature, and Contents Including the Biblical Theology, (Eds.) J. Hastings, et al., (New York; Edinburgh: Charles Scribner’s Sons; T. & T. Clark, 1911–1912).
  24. Laing, J., “Archangel,” in Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, (Ed.) Chad Brand, et al., (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003).
  25. Ibid.
  26. Williams, Amanda, “The 7 Archangels Of God And Their Roles”, (Christian Guide, 12 March 2024), https://www.christianwebsite.com/what-are-the-7-archangels-of-god/
  27. Cabala (kabbalah): a medieval and modern system of Jewish theosophy, mysticism, and magic/occult knowledge marked by belief in creation through tradition and a cipher method of interpreting Scripture.
    Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003).
  28. Davidson, Gustav, A Dictionary of Angels: including the Fallen Angels, (New York: The Free Press/division of Macmillan, Inc., 1967), pp. 127-128.
  29. Hermann, Ray, “Does Everyone Have a Guardian Angel?” (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 22 October 2021), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/does-everyone-have-a-guardian-angel/
  30. “Satan”, (Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica Corporation, 20 July 1998), https://www.britannica.com/topic/Satan
  31. Easton, Matthew G., Illustrated Bible Dictionary and Treasury of Biblical History, Biography, Geography, Doctrine, and Literature, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
  32. Watchers: in the Book of Enoch, the ‘watchers’ are angels dispatched to Earth to watch over the humans, but illicitly defected their instructions and fell from God’s grace. They produced half-breed children and taught humans forbidden arts and technology.
    “Watcher (angel)”, (Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 July 2025), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watcher_(angel)
  33. Book of 1 Enoch: contains unique material on the origins of demons and Nephilim, why some angels fell and an explanation of why the Genesis flood was morally necessary. It is also a prophetic exposition of the thousand-year reign of the Messiah.
    “Book of Enoch”, (Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 July 2025), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch
  34. Book of Jubilees: a Jewish account of biblical history from human creation in Genesis through Moses in Exodus.
    “The Book of Jubilees”, (Sacred Texts, retrieved 22 July 2025), https://sacred-texts.com/bib/jub/index.htm
  35. Christian Standard Bible, (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2020).
  36. Enos, Richard, “U.S. Soldier Claims to Have Shot & Killed a 12-Foot Giant in Afghanistan”, (Exo News, Exopolitics Institute News Service, 5 July 2018), https://exonews.org/u-s-soldier-claims-to-have-shot-killed-a-12-foot-giant-in-afghanistan/
  37. Carpenter, Scott, “The Sasquatch – Why I Think They are Nephilim Descendants”, (Sasquatch Awareness Project, 24 May 2022), VIDEO, https://youtu.be/eHfJxQ3Vl9M
  38. Hermann, Ray, “When the sons of God were having sexual relations with the daughters of humankind — the story of the Nephilim”, (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 9 December 2018), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/when-the-sons-of-god-were-having-sexual-relations-with-the-daughters-of-humankind-the-story-of-the-nephilim/
  39. “What Are Biblically Accurate Demons? A Complete Guide to Their Nature and Role in Scripture”, (Biblically Accurate, 1 February 2025), https://biblically-accurate.com/demons/
  40. Hernandez, David Diga, “3 Subtle Distinctions Between Demons and Fallen Angels,” (Charisma News, 25 July 2016), https://mycharisma.com/spiritled-living/spiritual-warfare/3-subtle-distinctions-between-demons-and-fallen-angels/
  41. Hermann, Ray, “Demons, Jesus, and the Pigs”, (The Outlaw Bible Student, OBS, 29 October 2019), https://outlawbiblestudent.org/demons-jesus-and-the-pigs/
  42. Erickson, Richard J., “Ephesians,” in Evangelical Commentary on the Bible, (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1995), vol. 3, pp. 1032-1033.

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